Vol. 5, Issue 1, Part A (2023)

Background: A significant contributor to newborn mortality and morbidity is preterm birth (PTB). The purpose of this study was to assess the advantages of extending pregnancy in high-risk preterm labor cases in women with intact membranes by combining azithromycin with standard therapies. 
Methods: This randomised clinical trial work was performed on 130 women at high risk of preterm labor with singleton pregnancy of gestational age before the 20th weeks participants were split into two equal groups: Group I (cases group): high risk for preterm labor and who received azithromycin and were followed till delivery. Group II (control group): high risk for preterm labor who did not receive azithromycin and followed till delivery.
Results: Incidence of preterm was lower in azithromycin group but without statistically substantial variation a substantial variation was existed among the groups as regard cervical length, GA, birth weight, amniotic sludge and fetal biometry no substantial variation was existed among the groups in terms of neonatal intensive care unit admission, severe jaundice, respiratory distress, age, BMI, parity, and gravidity. Azithromycin and progesterone administration and absence of preterm labor history and amniotic sludge were found to be significant indictors of pregnancy prolongation.
Conclusions: Azithromycin usage significantly prolongs the pregnancy, while it has no significant effect on the rate of preterm labour and in terms of neonatal complications.